John Keegan, A History of Warfare (London and New York, 1993), pp. 348–59; Robert L. O’Connell, Of Arms and Men: A History of Weapons and Aggression (New York and Oxford, 1989), pp. 174–88; William H. McNeill, The Pursuit of Power: Technology, Armed Force and Society Since AD 1000 (Chicago, 1982), pp. 185–215