John H. Kautsky, The Political Consequences of Modernization (New York, London, Sydney, Toronto, 1972), pp. 45–47

T. C. W. Blanning, ‘Epilogue: The Old Order Transformed’, in Euan Cameron, ed., Early Modern Europe: An Oxford History (Oxford, 1999), pp. 345–60; Michael Burleigh, Earthly Powers: The Clash of Religion and Politics from the French Revolution to the Great War (New York, 1995), pp. 48–66