1. Chicago Tribune, July 16, 1878 (“Apprehension”).

2. Leon Glicksman, “Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment,” Physics Today 61, no. 7 (2008), p. 2.

3. Gail Cooper, Air-Conditioning America: Engineers and Controlled Environment, 1900–1960 (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), pp. 9–10; Mechanical Engineering, May 2000 (jackets).

4. Claude Wampler, “Dr. Willis H. Carrier: Father of Air Conditioning,” The Newcomen Society of England, 1949; Margaret Ingels, Willis Haviland Carrier: Father of Air Conditioning (Louisville: Fetter Printing Company, 1991), pp. 33–34 (“manufactured weather”).

5. Ingels, Willis Haviland Carrier, pp. 63–79 (Madison Square Garden); “The Milam Building,” American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1991 (high-rise); Popular Mechanics, July 1939 (Damascus and Baghdad).

6. New York Times, June 2, 2002.

7. Interview with Leon Glicksman.

8. Gary Simon to author.

9. Interview with Lee Schipper.

10. National Association of Home Builders, Housing Facts, Figures, and Trends, May 2007, p. 13; National Petroleum Council, “Residential Commercial Efficiency,” July 18, 2007, p. 12.

11. Jone-Lin Wang, “Why Are We Using More Electricity?” Wall Street Journal, March10, 2010 (“gadgiwatts”); The Climate Group, “Smart 2020: Enabling the Low Carbon Economy in the Information Age,” 2008 (120 million); G. I. Meijer, “Cooling Energy-Hungry Data Centers,” Science 328, no. 5976 (2010), pp. 318–19.

12. Lawrence Makovich, “Meeting the Power Conservation Investment Challenge,” IHS CERA, 2007 (“conservation gap”); World Economic Forum and IHS CERA, Energy Vision Update 2010: Towards a More Energy Efficient World, 2010, p. 4 (“investment grade”).

13. Interview with George Caraghiaur.

14. Glicksman, “Energy Efficiency in the Built Environment,” pp. 3–6 (“high-tech versions”); interview with Leon Glicksman; U. S. Green Buildings Council Web site, .

15. Interview with Naohiro Amaya.

16. Interview with Yoriko Kawaguchi.

17. Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, Top Runner Program, rev. ed., March 2010, at .

18. Kateri Callahan, “Building the Infrastructure for Energy Efficiency,” in World Economic Forum and IHS CERA, Energy Vision Update 2010: Towards a More Energy Efficient World, 2010, p. 24 (“public policy support”); James Rogers, speech, CERAWeek, February 15 2008.

19. IHS CERA, Smart Grid: Closing the Gap Between Perception and Reality (2010); Brookings Institution Center for Technology and Innovation, “Smart Grid Future: Evaluating Policy Opportunities and Challenges after the Recovery Act,” forum, July 14, 2010.

20. Scientific American, August 13, 2008.

21. Sewart Baker, Natalie Filipiak, and Katrina Timlin, “In the Dark: Crucial Industries Confront Cyberattacks,” (CSIS and McAfee: 2011).