Книга: Теория струн и скрытые измерения Вселенной
Назад: 114
Дальше: 253

115

Gross, interview with author, September 24, 2008.

116

Mark Gross, e-mail letter to author, September 29, 2008.

117

Strominger, interview with author, August 1, 2007.

118

Zaslow, interview with author, June 26, 2008.

119

Gross, interview with author, September 19, 2008.

120

Yan Soibelman (Kansas State University), interview with author, September 26, 2008.

121

Aspinwall, interview with author, June 23, 2008.

122

Michael Douglas (Stony Brook University), interview with author, August 20, 2008.

123

Aspinwall, interview with author, June 23, 2008.

124

Gross, interview with author, September 24, 2008.

125

Avi Loeb (Harvard University), interview with author, September 25,2008.

126

American Mathematical Society, “Interview with Heisuke Hironaka,” Notices of the AMS 52, no. 9 (October 2005): 1,015.

127

Steve Nadis, “Cosmic Inflation Comes of Age,” Astronomy (April 2002).

128

Andrew Strominger, “String Theory, Black Holes, and the Fundamental Laws of Nature,” lecture, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., April 4, 2007.

129

Ibid.

130

Hirosi Ooguri (California Institute of Technology), interview with author, October 8, 2008.

131

Strominger, lecture.

132

Andrew Strominger and Cumrun Vafa, “Microscopic Origin of the Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy,” Physics Letters В 379 (June 27, 1996): 99-104.

133

Andrew Strominger, quoted in Gary Taubes, “Black Holes and Beyond,” Science Watch, May/June 1999, .

134

Hirosi Ooguri, interview with author, October 8, 2008.

135

Strominger, quoted in Taubes, “Black Holes and Beyond.”

136

Xi Yin (Harvard University), interview with author, October 14, 2008.

137

Ibid.

138

Xi Yin, interview with author, October 22, 2008.

139

Frederik Denef (Harvard University), interview with author, August 26, 2008.

140

Xi Yin, interview with author, October 14, 2008.

141

Aaron Simons, interview with author, February 9, 2007.

142

Ibid.

143

J. M. Maldacena, A. Strominger, and E. Witten, “Black Hole Entropy in M-Theory” Journal of High Energy Physics 9712 (1997), .

144

Juan Maldacena (IAS), interview with author, September 4, 2008.

145

Hirosi Ooguri, Andrew Strominger, and Cumrun Vafa, “Black Hole Attractors and the Topological String,” Physical Review D 70 (2004).

146

Cumrun Vafa (Harvard University), interviewwith author, September 26, 2008.

147

James Sparks (Harvard University), interview with author, February 6, 2007.

148

Amanda Gefter, “The Elephant and the Event Horizon,” New Scientist (October 26,2006): 36–39.

149

John Preskill, “On Hawking’s Concession,” July 24, 2004, .

150

Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.

151

Juan Maldacena, “The Illusion of Gravity,” Scientific American, November 2005, pp. 57–58, 61.

152

Davide Castelvecchi, “Shadow World,” Science News 172 (November 17,2007).

153

Taubes, “Black Holes and Beyond.”

154

L. Frank Baum, The Wizard of Oz (Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger, 2004), p. 111.

155

Volker Braun (Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies), interview with author, November 4, 2008.

156

Philip Candelas (Oxford University), interview with author, December 1, 2008.

157

Ibid.

158

Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.

159

Cumrun Vafa, “The Geometry of Grand Unified Theories,” lecture, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., August 29, 2008.

160

Chris Beasley (Stony Brook University), interview with author, November 13, 2008.

161

Burt Оvrut (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, July 20, 2008.

162

Ovrut, interview with author, February 2, 2007.

163

Ron Donagi (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, November 14, 2008.

164

Donagi, interview with author, November 19, 2008.

165

Candelas, interview with author, December 1, 2008.

166

Donagi, interview with author, May 3, 2008

167

Ovrut, interview with author, November 20, 2008.

168

Donagi, interview with author, November 20, 2008.

169

Ovrut, interview with author, November 20, 2008.

170

Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, November 4, 2008.

171

Michael Douglas (Stony Brook University), interview with author, August 20, 2008.

172

Candelas, interview with author, December 1, 2008.

173

Simon Donaldson (Imperial College), interview with author, November 29, 2008.

174

Ovrut, interview with author, November 19, 2008.

175

Candelas, interview with author, December 1, 2008.

176

Strominger, interview with author, February 7, 2007.

177

Adrian Cho, “String Theory Gets Real — Sort Of,” Science 306 (November 26, 2004): 1,461.

178

Candelas, interview with author, December 1, 2008.

179

Allan Adams (MIT), interview with author, November 15, 2008.

180

Gary Shiu, quoted in Adrian Cho, “String Theory Gets Real — Sort Of” Science 306 (November 26, 2004): 1,461.

181

Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), e-mail letter to author, December 6, 2008.

182

Shamit Kachru, Renata Kallosh, Andrei Linde, and Sandip Trivedi, “De Sitter Vacua in String Theory,” Physical Review D 68 (2003).

183

Raman Sundrum (Johns Hopkins University), interview with author, February 22, 2007.

184

Liam McAllister (Cornell University), interview with author, November 12, 2008.

185

Kachru, interview with author, September 8, 2007.

186

Liam McAllister (Princeton University), interview with author, February 20, 2007.

187

Joe Polchinski (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, February 6, 2006.

188

David Gross, quoted in Dennis Overbye, “Zillions of Universes? Or Did Ours Get Lucky?” New York Times, October 28, 2003.

189

Burton Richter, “Randall and Susskind,” letter to editor, New York Times, January 29, 2006.

190

Leonard Susskind, The Cosmic Landscape (New York: Little Brown, 2006), pp. 354–355.

191

Tristan Hubsch (Howard University), interview with author, November 7, 2008.

192

Mark Gross (Stanford University), interview with author, October 31, 2008.

193

Gross, interview with author, September 19, 2008.

194

Miles Reid (University of Warwick), interview with author, August 12, 2007.

195

Allan Adams (MIT), interview with author, October 31, 2008.

196

Gross, interview with author, October 31, 2008.

197

Adams, interview with author, October 31, 2008.

198

Tristan Hubsch, e-mail letter to author, December 15, 2008.

199

Melanie Becker (Texas A&M University), interview with author, February 1, 2007.

200

Andrew Strominger (Harvard University), interview with author, February 7, 2007.

201

Li-Sheng Tseng (Harvard University), interview with author, December 17, 2008.

202

Becker, interview with author, February 1, 2007.

203

Polchinski, interview with author, January 29, 2007.

204

Strominger, interview with author, August 1, 2007.

205

Burt Ovrut (University of Pennsylvania), interview with author, February 2, 2007.

206

Geoffrey Landis, “Vacuum States,” Asimov's Science Fiction 12 (July 1988): 73–79.

207

Andrew R. Frey, Matthew Lippert, and Brook Williams, “The Fall of Stringy de Sitter,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

208

Sidney Coleman, “Fate of the False Vacuum: Semi-classical Theory,” Physical Review D. 15 (May 15, 1977): 2,929-2,936.

209

Steve Giddings (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, September 24, 2007.

210

Matthew Kleban (New York University), interview with author, January 17, 2008.

211

Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.

212

Andrei Linde (Stanford University), interview with author, December 27, 2007.

213

Giddings, interview with author, October 17, 2007.

214

Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, September 18, 2007.

215

Linde, interview with author, December 27, 2007.

216

Henry Tye (Cornell University), interview with author, September 12, 2007.

217

Linde, interview with author, January 10, 2008.

218

S. W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 310 (1983): 303–310.

219

Kleban, interview with author, January 17, 2008.

220

Steven B. Giddings, “The Fate of Four Dimensions,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

221

Geoffrey Landis, “Vacuum States,” Asimov's Science Fiction 12 (July 1988): 73–79.

222

Andrew R. Frey, Matthew Lippert, and Brook Williams, “The Fall of Stringy de Sitter,” Physical Review D. 68(2003).

223

Sidney Coleman, “Fate of the False Vacuum: Semi-classical Theory,” Physical Review D. 15 (May 15, 1977): 2,929-2,936.

224

Steve Giddings (University of California, Santa Barbara), interview with author, September 24, 2007.

225

Matthew Kleban (New York University), interview with author, January 17, 2008.

226

Dennis Overbye, “One Cosmic Question, Too Many Answers,” New York Times, September 2, 2003.

227

Andrei Linde (Stanford University), interview with author, December 27, 2007.

228

Giddings, interview with author, October 17, 2007.

229

Shamit Kachru (Stanford University), interview with author, September 18, 2007.

230

Linde, interview with author, December 27, 2007.

231

Henry Tye (Cornell University), interview with author, September 12, 2007.

232

Linde, interview with author, January 10,2008.

233

S. W. Hawking, “The Cosmological Constant,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A. 310 (1983): 303–310.

234

Kleban, interview with author, January 17, 2008.

235

Steven B. Giddings, “The Fate of Four Dimensions,” Physical Review D. 68 (2003).

236

Текст этого и последующих комментариев до конца Главы 12 отсутствует в издании. Похоже, что и комментарии с начала этой главы неверны (прим. Vadi)

237

То же.

238

То же.

239

То же.

240

То же.

241

То же.

242

То же.

243

То же.

244

То же.

245

То же.

246

То же.

247

То же.

248

То же.

249

То же.

250

То же.

251

Peter Goddard, ed., Paul Dirac: The Man and His Work (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998).

252

Eugene Wigner, “The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in the Natural Sciences,” Communications in Pure and Applied Mathematics 13 (February 1960).
Назад: 114
Дальше: 253